Monkeypox is a rare viral disease that is similar to smallpox. It is caused by the monkeypox virus, which is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, the same genus as the variola virus that causes smallpox.
On July 23, 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the current monkeypox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). This is the highest level of alert that the WHO can issue, and is typically only used for the most serious public health threats.
The WHO’s decision to declare monkeypox a PHEIC was based on a number of factors, including:
- The rapid spread of the virus to over 70 countries, many of which are not endemic for monkeypox.
- The fact that the virus is being transmitted in new ways, such as through close contact between sexual partners.
- The potential for the virus to cause severe illness, especially in vulnerable populations such as young children and people with weakened immune systems.
The WHO’s declaration of a PHEIC is intended to raise awareness of the virus outbreak and to encourage countries to take steps to prevent and control the spread of the virus. The WHO has also called for increased international cooperation and coordination in the response to the outbreak.
What is monkeypox?
Monkeypox is a rare viral disease that is similar to smallpox. It is caused by the monkeypox virus, which is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, the same genus as the variola virus that causes smallpox.
It is most common in Central and West Africa, where it is an endemic disease. However, the virus can also spread to other parts of the world through contact with infected animals or people.
How is monkeypox transmitted?
Monkeypox can be transmitted through a variety of ways, including:
- Contact with an infected animal or person.
- Contact with the bodily fluids of an infected person, such as their saliva, mucus, or skin lesions.
- Contact with contaminated objects, such as bedding or clothing.
What are the symptoms of monkeypox?
The symptoms of monkeypox typically appear within 7-14 days of exposure to the virus. The most common symptoms include:
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Backache
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Rash
The rash usually begins on the face and then spreads to other parts of the body. The rash starts as flat, red spots, which then turn into raised bumps, blisters, and scabs. The scabs eventually fall off, leaving behind scars.
How is monkeypox treated?
There is no specific treatment for monkeypox. However, most people recover from the disease on their own within 2-4 weeks. Treatment is typically supportive and includes measures to relieve symptoms such as fever and pain.
In some cases, antiviral medications may be used to treat monkeypox. However, these medications are not always effective and may have side effects.
How can I protect myself from monkeypox?
The best way to protect yourself from monkeypox is to avoid exposure to the virus. This includes avoiding contact with infected animals or people and avoiding contact with contaminated objects.
If you have been exposed to the monkeypox virus, there are a number of things you can do to reduce your risk of getting sick, including:
- Getting vaccinated against monkeypox.
- I am staying home from work or school and avoiding contact with other people until you are no longer infectious.
- Cover your mouth and nose with a mask when you are around other people.
- Wash your hands frequently with soap and water.
The WHO’s declaration of monkeypox a PHEIC is a reminder that the virus is a serious public health threat. It is important for everyone to take steps to protect themselves from the disease, including getting vaccinated and avoiding contact with infected animals or people.
Additional information
The virus outbreak has been disproportionately affecting men who have sex with men (MSM). As a result, the WHO has recommended that MSM take additional precautions to protect themselves from the virus, such as avoiding casual sex and limiting the number of sexual partners they have.
The WHO has also recommended that countries prioritize vaccination for MSM and other people who are at high risk of exposure to the virus.
The virus outbreak is a global health emergency, and it is important for everyone to take steps to protect themselves and others from the virus.
